Their classifications approximated the different personality types that researchers would identify almost 2,000 years later. He was the personal physician […] Lived 129 A.D. - c. 216 A.D. Galen's medical doctrine dominated the Western and Arab worlds for close to 1500 years. Thus, it would be fair to say that not only were the Hippocratic writers the first systematic biomedical writers in the Western tradition, but also the most influential to later writers. Scientific progress in fields such as anatomy, chemistry , microbiology , and microscopy, especially beginning in the 16th and 17th centuries, demanded that Galen’s medicine be criticized and revised part by part. 460 bce–ca. Still, we believe Hippocrates, Aristotle, and Galen, among others, only dissected animal bodies, not human. Galen died in AD 201. Galen’s final works were written after 207, which suggests that his Arab biographers were correct in their claim that he died at age 87, in 216/217. These thinkers were very intuitive. Hippocrates, and those from his school of medicine, were the first people to describe and properly document several diseases and disorders, including a detailed description of clubbing of the fingers. Galen, himself, often cites Hippocrates, aka “the Hippocratic writers,” as the point of departure for his own theory building. Actually, Hippocrates’ and Galen’s theories inspired the first psychologists. As a result of this refusal to take what Galen and Hippocrates had stated at face value some progress was made in the medical world during this time. These latter four were the temperamental categories Galen named “sanguine”, “melancholic”, “choleric” and “phlegmatic” after the bodily humors. Each was the result of an excess of one of the humors that produced, in turn, the imbalance in paired qualities. Furthermore Galen says of hysteria “Passio hysterica unum nomen est, varia tamen et innumera accidentia sub se comprehendit” (hysterical passion is the name, but various and several are its symptoms), highlighting the variety of hysterical events . Under the Hippocratic bodily humors theory, differences in human moods come as a consequence of imbalances in one of the four bodily fluids: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm.Galen promoted this theory and the typology of human temperaments.In Galen's view, an imbalance of each humor … Organized around the four elements of earth, water, air, and fire; the four qualities of cold, hot, moist, and dry; and the four humors, these physical qualities determined the behavior of all created things including the … The ancient people believed the cause of any disease were some supernatural powers. According to his beliefs, the bad air was equivalent to the pestilence (Sterner, 1). Thessaly is where Hippocrates’ ancestors were born. After his parents had died and his daughter had married, Hippocrates sailed from Kos to the Thessaly region of the Greek mainland, accompanied by his sons. Hippocrates was a great believer … Those regions were last in contiguity as part of the Gondwanaland continental land mass during the Jurassic period. Ethics Galen wishes to present his view as having been “demonstrated”, especially by the text of Elements According to Hippocrates (Hipp. The four bodily humors were part of Shakespearean cosmology, inherited from the ancient Greek philosophers Aristotle, Hippocrates, and Galen. Galen's chief contributions to the theory of Greek Medicine were his theories of the three varieties of pneuma, or vital energy, and the Four Faculties of the organism. believed that bad air could be the cause of any pestilences, the fatal epidemic. In the process, Galen’s authority was undone, but Hippocrates’ eminence as father of medicine remained. During his long and eminent life, Galen completed over five hundred pieces of work relating to anatomy, physiology, pathology, medical theory and practice and many forms of therapy. Humors, Hippocrates, and Galen To appreciate the rationale for bloodletting one must first understand the paradigm of disease 2300 years ago in the time of Hippocrates (~460–370 BC). Claudius Galen’s theories on hysteria (2 nd century AD) are comparable to those of Hippocrates. ), and indeed the first part of that work is an attempt to establish a rigorous logical method for the foundation of the theory. ... 24 Hippocrates clearly recognized tuberculosis and understood its clinical ... at least in Egypt. For this, he prescribed diet, gymnastics, exercise, massage, hydrotherapy and sea bathing. Hippocrates placed great emphasis on strengthening and building up the body's inherent resistance to disease. 2. The Greek physician Hippocrates (c. 460- 377 B.C.E.) Public debates were also encouraged about medical issues and it is known that some medical schools encouraged students to actually challenge the ideas of Galen and Hippocrates. Health Promotion. [4][5][6] This means that these ancient Greeks were the precursors of modern health sciences. For much of the 5th through the 16th centuries, physicians regarded ancient Greek thinkers Galen (129ce–200ce) and Hippocrates (ca. His ideas on the functioning of the human body were so well received that he became the personal doctor of young Commodus, the Emperor’s heir. He also developed and expanded the humoral physiology and pathology of Hippocrates. Elem. So man's internal structure was known primarily through analogy with animals, inferences from the externally visible structures, from … 24 The Greek physician, Clarissimus Galen, became physician to Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius in 174. Galen was a Greek who became the Roman Empire's greatest physician, authoring more books still in existence than any other Ancient Greek: about 20,000 pages of his work survive. Hippocrates’ daughter married Polybus, a young man trained as a physician by Hippocrates. Since there was relatively little innovation in surgery and surgical tools from the time of Hippocrates (5th century BCE) and Galen (2nd century CE), this collection is typical of surgical practice for nearly a millennium and illuminates the practice of medicine in ancient Rome. Galen contributed a substantial amount to the understanding of pathology. Physical activity was a necessary part of the training done in schools primarily to promote physical and mental health ().Health promotion appeared during the Olympic Games since the care of athletes and prevention of injuries were specialist services provided by instructors called “paidotrivai” ().According to Hippocrates’s study “on food”, for … 370 bce) as co-equal medical authorities, with Galen assuming a superior position in the eyes of certain medical teachers or commentators.
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